Saturday, January 5, 2013

Why the Cliff was not our Thelma and Louise Moment


When Thelma and Louise went off that cliff there wasn’t any question what happened to them. There were questions, like “Why?” but not, “What?”

In that sense this is no cliff.

It is a speed bump. If we hit it too fast it will cause damage but it will not kill us or the country.

A speed bump is supposed to slow you down and our fiscal path is wrong and we are far too fast headed for far too much debt. This speed bump was supposed to slow our descent and give us time to map a new path at a safe speed.

It hasn’t worked out that way has it?

Put partisanship aside. The politicians placed this crucial speed bump too close to a flat out trap putting it after THEIR election and leaving little time for its issues to be dealt with and then to be handled in a lame-duck session at that. The bump was placed there for their convenience and now they are incapable of dealing with its demands. 

This is selfishness; it is the only bipartisan act I can detect so far.

Put aside the public opinion polls: Boehner is being vilified because he has an unruly faction to try to corral.  The President, from whom we might have expected some leadership, got the ball rolling by asking for the bump to be smoothed by given him the things HE wanted.
The President’s leadership
Obama claimed a mandate. Let’s look at this. He was elected with a popular vote margin that exceeded the margins of victory in 23 historic presidential elections but fell short of the margins in 26. His electoral vote count was large, but by popular vote he was only re-elected by a modest margin. The voter turnout was a disappointment meaning he did not inspire people to vote. Compared to his first term he has lost his mojo. His only mandate that I can see is to do his job just like the mandate for the Senate and House members.  Since no one party is in power, the situation calls for compromise. That is the only mandate and both sides are resisting it.

Obama’s saying he had a mandate for his views was sham. Calling for capitulation by Republicans was brash and over-stepped the bounds of reality. The President got this ball rolling down the wrong side of the hill. Now it’s way too hard to get it back and to start again.

The Republicans took up the President’s ‘challenge’ and asserted that THEY had a mandate too; a mandate from their constituents not to raise taxes and suddenly there we were right smack dab in the middle of political grid lock.

We are right where the President led us.

So he may get good grades and maybe it is the 47% talking, but who in America realizes that this tangled ball of string is of the President’s doing? Harry Reid’s saying Social Security was off the table did not help either. After the elections Boehner did say that ObamaCare was now the law of the land. Republicans were not obstreperous. Yet the view seemed to be that the Republicans were supposed to roll over like a submissive dog and show their belly to the sharp Democrat teeth and give in.

They have not done that and for that they are vilified?

How did that happen?

Don’t Americans realize that putting a greater burden on the 53% that pay Federal Income Taxes (FIT) is not a solution but only an expedient? Interestingly even in France the mantra of ‘tax the rich’ is running into trouble. French courts have thrown OUT the 75% top rate change that socialist Hollande instituted calling it unfair.  Even France has fairness rules

The Real Solution
The real solution is to get incomes UP so the ranks of the 47% will shrink. If America is not a land of opportunity then it is nothing. Without opportunity there will be no freedom. People have to be able to afford their freedom. Freedom has a decided - if somewhat oblique - economic element. America is not a land of equal outcomes as the President seems to be trying to make it (that by the way is socialism/communism etc: from each according to his ability, to each according to his ‘need’). But it has not been a land of equal opportunity either and that is what must be fixed more than to arrange handouts designated by income cohort.

Inequality of outcome is a great motivator. Equality of opportunity is what makes unequal outcomes ‘fair.’

And there we are.

I do not see these principles being reflected in our political debate. What I see is each party taking America’s flaws and trying to make them the result of the other side’s ideology. There is no sense of looking at our problems and trying to create some short term help while putting the economy on a more sustainable long term path with improved opportunity. There is ideology, gamesmanship, and political posturing to try and make the ‘other side’ seem responsible when things go awry.

Democrats are winning this game largely because the press REALLY IS so liberal. By any objective measure what is most wrong with the economy looking into the future is spending - way too much spending- it will consume a growing share of GDP as we look into the future and evaluate the responsibilities of government under our current array of promises. The tax revenue shortfall is a product of a lingering recession.

Class warfare is not the solution. But Obama and the Democrats have found a discordant note that the press has echoed and Republicans have been unable get a fair hearing although they really occupy the high ground in this debate. They have ‘cleverly’ fumbled the ball by making their pledge of ‘’no tax rate hikes’ the center piece of their debate instead of focusing on excessive government spending and promises.

Obama is making Republicans look bad by offering to shave the cliff by giving them everything HE wants and nothing THEY want AND because the middle class also wants these things. Obama’s power grab makes Republicans look bad. But bargaining is a two-way street not the one way street that the President would make it.

Another way to think about government spending
The more of our GDP that will require tax revenue that is going to be spent on government programs be they military spending, Medicare, Medicaid, ObamaCare, Social Security, or whatever, the less if left over to finance the America that used to be characterized as rugged individualism. That means the less choice and the less freedom we all will have since each family will retain less of its income.

Obama is from Illinois. It is an extremely indebted state. We should guard against him wanting to impose on the nation what has been his own experience in Illinois. Illinois is no role model. Democrats there that have controlled that state have not turned it a model we should emulate. Illinois has the fourth-highest debt in the nation, with liabilities totaling $271 billion. Only California, New York and Texas are carrying more debt.

But this situation is not just about starry-eyed tax hike loving (even if P-R savvy) Democrats. Republicans should realize that the nation has been much more prosperous even with higher tax rates. Democrats need to realize that the tax system and its network of deductions work together. Fairness is an issue here. Even France has overstepped its own liberal socialistic bounds in simply soaking the rich as its courts have rescinded the 75% top marginal rate branding it as unfair. Counties with much higher progressive tax rates than ours are countries that are socialistic and that do not espouse a doctrine of unequal outcomes. This is not and never has been America. America has always been the land of opportunity. The trick is to make opportunity more equal.

If we are transitioning to a more socialistic country we should find a way to get a consensus. This sneak attack of socialism is a bit like what the EMU is doing by changing its provisions bit by bit and never letting the people vote on what the leaders (leaders?) are doing.  If, however, the desire for more transfer payments is a result of our horrific recession and our inability to get the economy on track and is more the result of temporarily reduced tax receipts, we would not want our temporary situation to send the economy permanently down a path it will soon regret.

The real nature of the Cliff debate:
Yet none of this is part of the national discussion. It is all Hatfields Vs McCoys and there is no discussion just a lot of shootin’... mostly each side shootin’ its mouth off: Mouth open! Ears shut! Mind Closed!  Ready! Set! Go!

We can look back and see things that are wrong or at least that have turned out wrong. While thousands were prosecuted in the 1980s after the S&L crisis only two (not two-thousand only TWO PEOPLE!) have been indicted in this financial crisis and they got off scot-free. And this was a much more damaging financial crisis. Let’s remember that Obama runs the Justice Department! He is President! Justice reports to him!  If you like to call ‘bankers’ ‘banksters’ Obama is the guy who has NOT prosecuted them (has not directed the Justice Department to prosecute them). Yet the anti-Wall Street crowd is also anti-Republican and anti-1%. It’s all very curious, isn’t it? 

They used to talk about President Reagan as the Teflon™ president. Obama is at least as lucky.

What’s really wrong (not class warfare)
Both Republican and Democrat administrations have been happy to sit by and watch our international (current account) deficit plunge into larger and larger red numbers. There is nothing remotely like free trade that would let this happen, yet both parties seem to be the in grips of multinational corporations that have used cheap foreign labor and the lack of foreign exchange rules to exploit that cheap labor abroad, keep it cheap, kill jobs and income at home while driving the middle class into poverty and busting unions. (Of course the government’s role in trying to get more people into houses they could not afford using Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac sort of speeded things up.)

Under any reasonable market-determined exchange rate regime the US would not have been able to run such increasing deficits. Academics would tell you that this economic result is not one predicted under a free-float model of exchange rate determination. America did not run persistent and expanding deficits to finance investment but to finance consumption! Under a gold standard the US would have staunched its deficits along ago under the pain of gold transfers from the US to China and to other persistently surplus countries to settle its deficit accounts. That would have proved too painful to endure.

Anyone that does not admit that China’s development has not been at the cost of the US is just not paying attention. Why does the country with more ‘poor’ people than any other place on the face of the earth have over $3trillion in foreign exchange reserves? Couldn’t it find a use for that wealth? Yes it could, but since needs to buy dollars (and to accumulate FX reserves) to keep the dollar strong and the yuan weak so it can continue export to the US and keep its low labor costs and keep US firms investing more in China to exploit those low labor costs, it chooses to accumulate more ‘wealth.’

Over the years as China has developed it has suppressed its consumption, once up to 50% of GDP it has slipped back to 35% of GDP an extremely low level. Instead, of letting standards of living rise, China has restrained them. So China’s workers have worked their fingers to the bone for little gain while the ‘profits’ in this Communist country went to pile-up as FX reserves. Had China allowed more of a middle class to develop its imports would have risen and its wages would have risen and its need to grow by penetrating the US market would have been reduced. 

Instead, China did not let its currency adjust and did not set those forces in motion. And the end result was that it ‘lent’ more money to the US so we could go into debt to buy the things we wanted (from China) but we became uncompetitive and unable to pay our own way. Republican and Democrat administrations engineered this outcome.

So in the US we have developed a view of class warfare of rich against poor because that keeps us from looking at the real problem. It keeps Democrats and Republicans fighting one another. If keeps policy from looking at how the world trading system is siphoning off US wealth and making us all poorer and poorer so that even the rich feel the sting of their losses.

The middle class has been sacrificed to the multinational ambitions of US corporations by BOTH PARTIES! Now, we are out of touch with who we are and what we stand for. We are devolving into class warfare

In place of a national identity and real leadership we have a cartoon show run by a group of fools called Republicans and Idiots called Democrats and each squirts its seltzer bottle at the other one saying it is the problem. And no matter who we elect things get worse because no one is looking at the real issues.

Politicians are too focused on results (unequal outcomes!) and not enough focused on why the process has broken down.

And you thought the fiscal cliff was a big deal? The fiscal cliff is nothing. We are alive and not well and living in the Republican-Democrat view of THE MATRIX. We are the batteries that run their system. We exist for them; they do not serve us. Our model has become totally dysfunctional. No wonder we have turned to class warfare.

Is it too late to change it?

Tuesday, September 25, 2012

The Economy shows some life

Yes, we know. We have seen this before. But the Conference Board confidence reading for the consumer has jumped higher, an act we already have seen from the U of M Index. The weekly consumer comfort index is in upward gear too.

All this despite continuing lethargy in the manufacturing measures and still range bound jobless claims.

The economy continues to fool us...optimist and pessimist alike.

Now the Fed could only sort itself out...

Saturday, September 22, 2012

Jimmy Carter- really

I just flew out to Seattle. In flight I watched the movie 'Miracle' that I have safely stored on my I-pad.

If you have not seen it I highly recommend it. If you have seen it I'd recommend seeing it again.

It is beyond nostalgia.

The movie begins with actual news clips of the time. The nation is challenged. It features a speech by Carter that sets the stage telling us that people expect the next five years to be worse than the previous five.

I was never a Carter fan. But Jimmy was a good man if not a good president. And, he was a better president than he will be credited for as he appointed Paul Volcker when inflation began to climb.

Jimmy did not scape-goat the Fed. He appointed a guy he knew would conduct monetary policy so that jimmy would not get re-elected. But the country needed a Paul Volcker and Jimmy gave it Paul at his own personal cost.

The movie is not about this. But I am reminded of all this when I see it. And it is a great film about hope and surmounting insurmountable odds. Truly a film for our times. And it is real!

Tuesday, July 17, 2012

Bernarke testimony July 17 2012


 

Re:What??? First question is on LIBOR???

 The economy is doing badly and yet the FIRST question these guys ask
Bernanke is about the Libor scandal?

Are we more interested is lampooning banks or understanding what the
economy needs? What 'we' can do?


Oh I See my mistake....

 since the Chairman said  what's needed is to eliminate the fiscal cliff
Congress does not want to go there.

It wants to make hay over banks and bad bankers. Is that going to help us???

This is as bad as Obama... when first elected going after healthcare reform
instead of growth and job creation.

This is misguided

This is a terrible grandstanding show by our 'leaders'. No wonder the Fed
is seen as the last game in town even when it is not its job.

Disgusting isn't it?

 

Bernanke as expected..NO MAS-Promised


Bernanke remarks....

This what the Fed has said again and again.

it stands ready to do more.

Despite a cut in the GDP outlook the Fed Chairman points to things beyond the reach of monetary policy as risks he cites the risk  of Europe and the fiscal cliff. Does more QE fix either of these???


Today the NAHB index jumped SIX HUGE Points ahead of the Bernanke testimony.Also MFG IP rose sharply in a report issued today. the economy is not ONLY weak it is MIXED. The outlook is CONFUSED and he says uncertain.

Uncertainty CUTS BOTH WAYS!!!

The economic data are mixed and what is wrong QE won't fix. WON'T FIX. WON'T FIX write that 100 times!!! 

Why is the Street so fixated on the Fed? Why are investors globally fixated on central banks doing more when they have already done too much?

We have fiscal problems and policy confidence problems. Central banks overdoing it will only worsen confidence and worsen results in the end.  

RAB
 
 

Bernanke has laid the groundwork for continuing to be wishy-washy

 I see the same old same old in this report.


The market which wanted the promise of more did not get its fix.

Bernanke is not sticking his neck out. he is not promising any more than he did in his last public meeting

I see little new here.

The just got done extending Op Twist.

It is STILL  watching and waiting.
 
 
 

 

 

Wednesday, May 2, 2012

The biggest thing no one is talking about…


The biggest thing no one is talking about…
Or why is the US services sector so darn weak?

Job growth is about having demand and fulfilling it by having someone work in the US to fulfill that demand. Spurring demand alone does not do it. You need demand coupled with sector level economic efficiency. Right now we have two trends that working against job growth in the US. One is well-known in the goods sector and the other is never talked about; it is the service sector and it is the bigger problem for job growth right now.

There are two telling charts about why US jobs growth is struggling. The first one is below and is the most familiar. It shows that since the mid- 1980s the US purchases of goods for the economy as whole (not just consumer sector) have been volatile, but steady. The growth rate of real spending on goods is just under 4% per year even in this weak climate after a severe economic contraction and its weak recovery.  And with that stability we have had a tendency for job growth to decline year in and year out. The chart itself shows very few episodes of Yr/Yr job growth. We have one now mostly because we are recovering from the severe loss of jobs in the recession. Goods sector jobs are still some 12% lower than they were just before the recession began…. so much for thinking that the recent MFG job growth is really good news.



 
The reason for this steady jobs erosion is several-fold: It is because of productivity. We can make a given amount output with fewer workers. It is because of imports. When we demand or buy goods, we can purchase those goods from overseas. So we do not need as many US-based workers to buy the same quantity of goods.

The second ‘telling chart’ about jobs and the economy may be unexpected to you. It is the services sector. Services jobs and spending have both been transitioning to lower rates of growth. The chart is actually a bit stunning. For this chart I have used the comprehensive data on services, goods and structures in the economy. I have manipulated the growth rates to construct long term indices of real sector activity for goods and for services. From 1990 through 2007 it was rare indeed that service sector goods purchases did not grow at 2% per year or more. There are only a few isolated examples of spending that was so weak. Spending was usually so much stronger.

Since the recession the best growth we have gotten from services in this cycle is 1.4% Yr/Yr. And this is from the jobs-producing sector of the economy. As the chart below shows job growth does tend to follow services purchases. And services jobs have been getting even more volatile than output in recent cycles. Job growth is not just about demand weakness in the US, it is about the composition of demand itself. Based on the relationship between spending and jobs a growth shift in demand of one percentage point from Goods to Services would create an additional 112,000 jobs. Yet spending on goods is being maintained at a historically normal pace and spending on services is wallowing at never-before-seen lows. Why?   

The goods sector is small as a jobs source. Goods jobs are only 11% of the total of services jobs. The GDP shares of output are skewed to services too at around 61% of GDP. 




 
The weakness in the services sector is harder to chronicle. Some of it is because of productivity but while that can explain job weakness it does not explain demand weakness as easily. Service sector demand weakness has been in train for a long time as the chart below demonstrates.  In past recoveries the pickup in demand and in jobs occurred usually right at the recession end, in the last two cycles demand picked up but was delayed as the pickup in jobs actually preceded the pickup in demand and exceeded it. In this cycle demand is still quite weak and in the not averaged data in the chart above we see that job growth in services is exceeding the growth in the demand for services. This has happened before, but it is rare (1987, 1993).

We do not have any clear link as to why services spending has gotten so much weaker. It is curious that it has happened with goods spending continuing on its historic firm path. What has changed that has hit services demand harder than goods demand?    


 
One thing is relative prices. Since 1990 the ratio of core goods to core services prices (taking energy out of the picture, entirely) has fallen by nearly 25%. Thus goods have become are much less expensive relative to services. Since the recession there has been a slow and partial reversal of this process. (see the chart that is below)

What we do know is that some of the components in services have among the fastest rising prices in our various price measures, like the cost of health care and the cost of education. Health care is, of course, in the news and the problems with having employer-paid healthcare insurance and overconsumption as well known; other issues are well known if not easily able to be solved.  Education costs keep rising and yet we complain that Americans’ quantitative skills are on the decline. Are we overpaying for what we are consuming in education or will these expenditures pay off for students?



 
In this recession the steady rise of the ratio of core services prices to core goods prices (negative values on a year-over-year basis in the chart above) has been stopped. We can see that goods prices are now starting to rise relative to services prices persistently since late 2009 (see chart above). And with this there is some growth in services spending and jobs once again –although it is still very limited. . 

There are some very specific things in the economy’s troubles that are contributing to this as well. Banking is a service and that sector –once a high flyer- has been hit hard and is now in low gear. Housing weakness for example has probably cut the demand for services. A lot of services expenditures surround the purchase and maintenance of a house: lawn and garden services, pool maintenance, painting and upkeep. When someone is unemployed or under employed these are jobs that can be done by the homeowner. Other services like eating out or vacationing can be set aside if money is tight. Certainly goods purchases can be and are put off as well, at least for durable goods.  But for services the list of postponable items is longer. In many cases buying services is a leisure-work trade off or a lifestyle choice. When you have lots of time on your hands your leisure is not worth as much to you especially if your income is lower.  

On balance we should be aware that the dynamic between labor force participation rates and services consumption are probably related. If the choice is between having some of the services you like to buy or foregoing them and foregoing a lesser job some may choose to remain idle and to wait for the good job to reappear. It may never re-appear.

I think there is a lot to consider when it comes to the evaporation of services spending. We have never seen it as weak as it is. The goods side of the economy is all but back to normal. Of course, I speak of the consumption side: the output side isn’t back either. But competitiveness is something we are still working on. And that involves the much bigger question of the global economy and the allocation of investment between foreign and domestic sources by US firm..

As a policy matter The US is caught with the issue of cheaper foreign labor and putting more demands on firms that located in the US like providing healthcare.

To me the lesson of the housing crisis was that Barney Frank failed in trying to get everyone involved in the housing boom that was in train. But he didn’t just fail. He ruined it for everyone. This is the real lesson. By setting up 120% mortgages and urging (mandating) Fannie and Freddie to underwrite more and more subprime loans, by setting the desired down payment in some cases to zero, by taking away the income test from home buyers, we did let ‘anybody’ into the exclusive homeownership club. And then it became that old Groucho Marx Joke- ‘Don’t want to belong to a club that would have you as a member?’

Housings hurdles were not discriminatory by ‘mistake.’ Discrimination is not a bad word. It is just used with the modifier ‘race’ too often. Firms need to and do discriminate, by income, by credit quality, and when you take that away you ruin economics. And that is what the housing bubble did. Let’s not apply that same stupid idea to our businesses when we set policy. If we force them to take on more and more responsibilities that are really social welfare responsibilities, we will kill even more job growth.

 We need to encouraging hiring real long terms hiring. We do not need gimmick hiring. Hiring comes from spending. It emanates from spending coupled with the provision that the desired goods or services can be effectively produced and delivered in the US. The slide in the US competitiveness position is clear. What is going on in services is less clear. Let’s not make it worse because we want to adhere to some social agenda.

Computers have facilitated call centers and few other remote job sucking possibilities. But so many services are simply needed to be provided on the spot. We need to consider what is happening to reduce our demand for these things as well as what we can do to bring the spending on services back to life and jobs along with it.


The table below should help in this assessment…



 
This table looks at the rise in spending from the end of the recession in the recovery period for key consumer goods and services categories. It compares the rise this cycle with average of the past seven cycles back to 1960 ( the 1980 recovery did not last this long, so it is not part of these comparisons) and places this cycle in the percentile range between the best and worst among these.

We see immediately see that service sector is worse off than the goods sector. The service sector averages a rank of 6.6 out of a possible seven ranked cycles. Durable goods sectors average 5.3 out of seven, and non-durables sectors average a near normal 4.3 out of seven. The average recovery would post a 3.5 average rank.

Of the seven sectors in services this cycle is the worst recovery in five on them. While the non durables rebound is 80% to 90% of normal the durables rebound is 90% of normal for vehicles and closer to 50% for other categories, the service sector averages a rebound that has been 43.6% of average. It is nearly 60% below normal on average.

Clearly the sector we understand the least is services and for all the coverage about manufacturing and our large trade deficit and US competiveness our worst problems are right here at home in a sector where there is virtually no international competition.

It’s the biggest tissue in the economy right now and NO ONE is talking about it.